The article focuses not only on the evolution of both politics and design paradigms but mostly on the interplay between them and, as a result, on the doctrine’s evolution. At the same time, these processes were embedded within the changing political perspectives-varying from “restoration of destroyed heritage” through “providing modern living environments” up to the “theming urban spaces.” In some cities, various stages and approaches overlapped, creating unique palimpsests. This process is ongoing, meaning the reconstruction of the historic cities is not yet completed. These cities started to be gradually rebuilt after the end of the war, although one can distinguish certain stages and types of interventions, varying from the restoration and idealisation of the pre-war townscapes (so-called “Polish School of Conservation,” which was developed along principles contradictory to the urban conservation theories of these times) to late modern as well as postmodern (called the “retroversion”) principles. The particular group of cities is associated with former German lands-now called the “Recovered Territories”-which were incorporated into the borders of Poland as compensation for its Eastern Borderlands lost to the Soviet Union. This was caused by both bombings and sieges conducted by the Nazis and Soviets.
Abstract: By the end of the Second World War, many of the Polish cities-and especially their historic centres-were in ruins.
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